Action
For instance with the 10/22, the trigger is pulled releasing the hammer from the sear, the hammer strikes the firing pin, driving the firing pin into the primer, which ignites the powder charge the expanding gases drive the bullet out of the barrel, this same explosive action also forces the bolt to blow back, the extractor grabs the rim of the fired cartridge pulling it from the chamber, the ejector flips it out, the bolt in it rearward travel also pushes the hammer back to its cocked postion engaging the sear and hammer re-cocking the rifle, the bolt on its way back down under force of the recoil spring travels back down over the magazine, picking up a live round and chambering it.
Troubleshooting
So if the weapon is fired and the cartridge case is left chambered you would presume the problem is with the extractor, and or extractor spring. If the cartridge case is extracted, and not ejected, the problem is most likely with the ejector. If the firing is making poor endentment on the primer, not igniting the powder charge you would know to look at the hammer spring, hammer or firing pin.
If you hear the hammer fall when the trigger is pulled but the round is not fired, and no endentmemt is left on the primer, you probably have a broken firing pin.
There is nothing really complicated about repairing firearms, at least so far as the replacement of broken parts. With a little study and a lot of common sense, getting your weapon of choice up and firing again should not be all that difficult. The trick is in having a spare parts kit on hand to complete the needed repair.
If you will write and ask for it, Rugar will send you a free owners manual. The manual has a complete parts list and diagrams of each part and how they should go together in the weapon.
Recommended Parts
A basic spare parts kit for the Ruger 10/22, should include; firing pin, firing pin rebound spring, extractor, extractor plunger, extractor spring, hammer spring, sear spring, magazine latch, recoil spring assembly, ejector, sear, magazine latch plunger spring, front and rear sight. Other parts can be included expanding on the basic list, but those listed are the ones which will most likely be needed.
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